What is a public-key cryptosystem based on the LWE problem?
Could you elaborate on the concept of a public-key cryptosystem that relies on the Learning With Errors (LWE) problem? Specifically, I'm interested in understanding how the LWE problem serves as the foundation for such cryptosystems. What are the key principles and characteristics that make it a suitable candidate for public-key cryptography? Furthermore, how does the utilization of the LWE problem compare to other traditional approaches in terms of security, efficiency, and practicality? I'm curious to gain a deeper understanding of the nuances and advantages it brings to the field of cryptography.